耐多药肺结核患者心理健康状况调查及与应对方式、社会支持的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨耐多药肺结核患者心理健康状况的影响因素,分析其及与应对方式、社会支持的相关性。方法：选择2018年4月至2020年5月我院诊治的101例耐多药肺结核患者作为观察组,选择同期99例敏感肺结核患者作为对照组。两组均测评症状自评量表-90(SCL-90)评分、医学应对问卷(MCMQ)评分以及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评分,分析SCL-90总评分与MCMQ各因子评分、SSRS总评分的相关性,采用Logistic回归模型分析心理健康状况的影响因素。结果：与对照组相比,观察组的躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性、恐怖和精神病性评分以及总评分明显提高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组的面对评分、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度评分以及总评分均降低（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,SCL-90总评分与MCMQ评分中的回避和屈服评分呈正相关性（r=0.386、0.311,均P<0.05）,SCL-90总评分与SSRS总评分呈负相关（r=-0.332,P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,经济状况差、躯体健康状况差、病情严重、睡眠质量差和生活满意度低是耐多药肺结核患者心理健康不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：耐多药肺结核患者心理健康状况差,应对方式选择面对较少,总体社会支持水平较低,患者的心理健康状况与应对方式、社会支持存在一定的相关性。在提供躯体性治疗的基础上,应结合患者的心理健康状况及相关危险因素给予适当干预。     

Active coping toward predatory stress is associated with lower corticosterone and progesterone plasma levels and decreased methylation in the medial amygdala vasopressin system

An active coping style displayed under stress – which involves proactive investigatory responses toward environmental threats – has been associated with reduced vulnerability to psychiatric illness. However, the neurobiological determinants of coping styles are not well understood. When rats are exposed to a naturalistic stressor (cat fur) in a group, some individuals in the group show robust active investigation of the stimulus while others show a passive response involving retreat, immobility and close aggregation with conspecifics. Here we explored endocrine and epigenetic correlates of these contrasting coping styles. Male Wistar rats (n = 48) were exposed to cat fur in groups of 4 and the passive and active responders were identified and assessed for endocrine and epigenetic differences. Three days after the final cat fur exposure, active responders had substantially lower plasma levels of corticosterone and progesterone than passive responders. Plasma and testicular testosterone levels did not differ between active and passive responders. Active responders had markedly less methylation of the AVP CGCG promoter region located at base 4970 in the posterodorsal region of the medial amygdala but did not differ in the methylation status of the CCGG sequence located at base 2243. This is in agreement with prior research suggesting that AVP and progesterone act in opposition within the medial amygdala to modulate stress-related behaviors. The present study reports striking endocrine and epigenetic differences between active and passive responders, providing insight into potential systems involved in the manifestation of differing coping styles.     

Behaviour,physiology and carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

The behaviour during an exploration task and the response to a confinement stress of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus were evaluated. Behaviour of individuals during 90 min of exploration was classified into high and low activity. High‐activity individuals had higher plasma cortisol levels following stress compared to low‐activity individuals. This indicates that high‐ and low‐activity individuals correspond to reactive and proactive stress‐coping styles. Further, a pigmentation analysis showed that high‐activity individuals had a higher number of carotenoid spots cm^?2 than low‐activity individuals. Thus, carotenoid pigmentation, as melanin pigmentation in other salmonids, could be linked to stress‐coping style in S. alpinus.     

Diferencias en función de la edad y la autopercepción del envejecimiento en ansiedad,tristeza, soledad y sintomatología comórbida ansioso-depresiva durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19

ObjectivesTo analyze differences by age group in anxiety, depression, loneliness and comorbid anxiety and depression in young people, middle aged adults and older adults during the lock-down period at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the association between negative self-perceptions of aging and psychological symptoms controlling by age group.MethodParticipants are 1501 people (age range 18 to 88 years). Anxiety, sadness, loneliness and self-perceptions of aging were assessed. The sample was divided according to the age group and quartiles (lower, intermediate levels, and higher) of anxiety, sadness, loneliness and self-perceptions of aging.ResultsOlder adults reported lower levels of anxiety and sadness than middle aged adults, and middle aged adults reported lower levels than younger participants. Middle aged adults reported the lowest loneliness, followed by older adults and younger participants. For each age group, those with more negative self-perceptions of aging reported higher anxiety, sadness and loneliness. More comorbid anxiety and sadness was found in younger adults and less in older adults; more depressed participants in the middle aged group, and more older adults and less younger participants were found in the group with the lowest levels of anxiety and sadness. For all the age groups, participants with high levels of comorbid anxiety and sadness are those who report the highest scores in negative self-perceptions of aging.ConclusionsOlder adults reported lower psychological anxiety, sadness and loneliness than the other age groups. Having negative self-perceptions of aging damage psychological health irrespective of the chronological age.     

Song ranging by incubating male Blue-headed Vireos: the importance of song representation in repertoires and implications for song delivery patterns and local/foreign dialect discrimination

ABSTRACT.   Mechanisms used by birds to range their distance from singing conspecifics are being debated. In particular, the idea that an incoming song must be in a bird's repertoire for it to be ranged accurately is controversial, but important to our appreciation of the role ranging plays in song evolution. We tested the relation between ranging accuracy and songs in repertoires in playback experiments to male Blue-headed Vireos ( Vireo solitarius ) whose precise locations were known because they were incubating eggs. Males ranged songs heard while incubating and, when their mates relieved them at the nest, flew directly to the silent playback sites, suggesting that they remembered the locations of simulated intruders. Male vireos approached playback sites of local songs, likely in their own repertoires, more precisely than foreign songs recorded 95–645 km from our study site. Songs included in local and foreign playback tapes differed primarily in frequency modulation, but were similar in other measurements. These results support ranging theory as described by Morton (1986) . If the songs within an individual's repertoire are ranged with greater accuracy, we discuss how the stability of neighborhoods becomes a factor as to whether or not selection will favor repertoire sharing in song evolution. As well, singing style is affected by ranging. Because Blue-headed Vireos present their songs in a stereotyped order, a listener can compare ordered sequential changes in signal degradation. Comparing degradation in a sequence of songs adds a temporal element that should result in more accurate ranging of the singer's location.     

New developments in understanding the etiology of Parkinson's disease and in its treatment

Important recent advances have been made in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, as well as in developing novel treatments. Two newly identified genes, α-synuclein and parkin, have been linked to parkinsonism. In addition, disturbances to the normal basal ganglia circuits in Parkinson's patients are being described at both anatomical and physiological levels. These developments provide a strong scientific basis for novel medical and surgical strategies to treat the profound motor disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease.     

Intersegmental coordination in invertebrates and vertebrates

How does the CNS coordinate muscle contractions between different body segments during normal locomotion? Work on several preparations has shown that this coordination relies on excitability gradients and on differences between ascending and descending intersegmental coupling. Abstract models involving chains of coupled oscillators have defined properties of coordinating circuits that would permit them to establish a constant intersegmental phase in the face of changing periods. Analyses that combine computational and experimental strategies have led to new insights into the cellular organization of intersegmental coordinating circuits and the neural control of swimming in lamprey, tadpole, crayfish and leech.     

Neospora caninum:Tachyzoites Express a Potent Type-I Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase,but Lack Nucleoside Diphosphate Hydrolase Activity

Asai, T., Howe, D. K., Nakajima, K., Nozaki, T., Takeuchi, T., and Sibley, L. D.Neospora caninum: Tachyzoites Express Type-I Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolase1. But Lack Nucleoside Diphosphate Hydrolase Activity.Experimental Parasitology90,277–285. We have identified type I nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase; EC 3.6.1.3) activity, previously thought to be restricted to the virulent strains ofToxoplasma gondii, in the cell extracts ofNeospora caninumtachyzoites. Sequence analysis of a complete cDNA from Nc-1 strain indicated thatN. caninumNTPases shared approximately 69% identity to the NTPases ofT. gondiiand are most similar to the NTPase-I isozyme. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA and sequence analysis of two independentNTPclones from the Nc-1 strain revealed the presence of multiple genes, at least two of which are transcribed. Substrate specificity andK_mvalues for MgATP²⁻and MgADP⁻hydrolysis for recombinant or partially purified native NcNTPase were the same as those for the type I isozyme (NTPase-I). Significantly, no type II enzyme (NTPase-II) activity for NDP hydrolysis was detected in cell extracts ofN. caninum, although it is universally present in allT. gondiistrains that have been tested. This intriguing difference between these two closely related apicomplexan parasites may provide insight into the function of the NTPases during intracellular parasitism.     

l-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) secreted by oyster (Crassostrea gigas) mantle cells: functional aspects

l-DOPA is present in many molluscan periostraca and is thought to play an important role in the shell protein sclerotization mechanism. We analyzed l-DOPA content in organic membranes produced by the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) mantle as a reaction against shell damage, such as induced by Polydora sp. infestation, an artificial perforation of the shell, and in normal oysters mantle. When oysters are secreting the protective organic membrane against a shell perforation, the area of mantle close to the repairing region had a greater l-DOPA content than the remaining mantle. Mantle border as a whole had the same l-DOPA content as the central mantle. Nevertheless there is a variation pattern in mantle border l-DOPA content, the area near the umbo having a higher content and decreasing towards the frontal region. l-DOPA content in younger oysters was greater than that in older oysters. The results of perforation experiment suggest a good correlation between organic membrane synthesis and l-DOPA mantle border content. Concerning normal oysters, a higher l-DOPA content in mantle border than in central mantle would be expected but we couldn’t detect any differences. From all the results there is some evidence that mantle l-DOPA is related to other functions in addition to participating in the sclerotization mechanism.     

Comparison of detection methods for liquid chromatographic determination of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine

A liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine. Different detection methods, including UV, oxidative and redox electrochemistry, and postcolumn photolysis followed by electrochemical detection, have been optimized and compared in terms of analysis time, detection limit and dynamic range. It was demonstrated that liquid chromatography with postcolumn photolysis followed by electrochemical detection is the most effective method, with an analysis time of 5 min, detection limit of 0.01 pmol, and a linear dynamic range from 2 nM to 100 μM.